New ISHLT Document on Pulmonary AMR & GAP Definition

Published 11 June 2026
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A new ISHLT Document, ISHLT Scientific Statement on Pulmonary Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Proposed Graft, Antibody, and Pathology (GAP) Definition, has been published in JHLT and is available to read online!

The 2016 document Antibody-Mediated Rejection of the Lung: A Consensus Report from ISHLT provided a standardized definition and nomenclature, which increased the awareness of AMR as a potential cause of graft dysfunction and facilitated important research in the field. However, this progress has not resulted in improved clinical outcomes, and important areas of uncertainty remain.

This document, led by Ramsey Hachem, Debbie Levine, and Fiorella Calabrese, was developed update the definition of AMR with the ultimate objective of improving clinical outcomes through (1) enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to AMR, and (2) identification and testing novel treatments in multicenter clinical trials. As a result, a multidimensional definition was developed to enhance precision by reporting the specific presenting features. This Graft, Antibody, and Pathology (GAP) definition is based on the presence of Graft dysfunction, the presence and characteristics of Antibodies, and Pathological findings.

Visit the Standards & Guidelines page for details, top takeaways, and links to read or download the document.